1 Despite the nearly global use of English as the language of research publication, there are still distinct collaborative groupings of Luso-/Hispanophone nations in Central and South America and Francophone countries in Africa. The polar position of Spain and France is noteworthy and can be considered as a consequence of their leading position in collaborations with Mediterranean and Romance language speaking countries. Spain and France are major players in the network in terms of international coauthorship relations. The total population of all the Romance speaking areas in Europe is approximately 190,000,000. Some Eastern Romance languages like Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian are spread across the entire Balkans in small communities within Slavic-speaking countries, Greece and the European part of Turkey. It also includes some regions from other countries, such as Wallonia in Belgium and the French- and Italian-speaking cantons of Switzerland as well as communities from other non-Romance European countries. The Latin European countries are mainly France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. It is a major linguistic subdivision of Europe alongside Germanic- and Slavic-speaking subdivisions. Therefore, Latin-speaking Europe is considered as the area of Europe where Romance languages are either official, co-official, or significantly used. Beginning in the 15th century, they expanded to other continents due to the Portuguese, Spanish, and French empires. After its fall and fragmentation in the fifth century, the different languages evolved. The origin of Romance languages is Vulgar Latin spoken by the commoners of the Roman Empire. Between 40 and 50 countries appear in the center of the international network in 2011, and almost all nations are nowadays involved in international collaboration. The network of international collaboration in science traditionally has been dominated by English speaking countries, but this network is rapidly expanding at the global level.
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